- World Geyser Fields -
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Yellowstone National Park (USA)
Old Faithful, May 1, 2000 ~3:00pm, photo by Alan GlennonYellowstone National Park in northwestern Wyoming contains the greatest number of geysers in the world. Approximately 500 geysers, half of the world's total number, are located in nine geyser basins within the park. Steamboat Geyser located in the Norris Basin is currently the world's tallest. Major eruptions of Steamboat Geyser can be over 120 meters tall. The Upper Basin alone contains nearly 180 geysers.

Valley of Geysers, Kamchatka Peninsula (Siberia)
The Valley of Geysers is located on a remote section of the Kamchatka Geysernaya Peninsula in Siberia. The area was discovered and explored by T.I. Ustinova in 1941. Within the steep canyon-valley, approximately two hundred geysers exist with many more hot springs and perpetual spouters. The area is a result of recent volcanic activity, and activity is vigorous. The valley is especially curious in that most of the geysers erupt at angles, and few have the geyser cones that exist at many other of the world's geyser fields. A 1991 Expedition of the Geyser Observation and Study Association visited the Valley of the Geysers and descriptions of geyser activity can be found in A Special Report of GOSA Transactions (the Geysers of "The Valley of Geysers, 1991).

El Tatio (Chile)
looking across the fieldEl Tatio is located in a valley high in the Andes surrounded by active volcanoes. The field contains at least 80 true geysers, and further observation will undoubtedly yield more. The field is notable for having no significantly tall geysers. The tallest eruptions observed have been about six meters high. Regardless of the lack of 'tall' geysers, the large number of geysers and their link to current volcanic activity make it one of the world's largest and unique geyser areas. With the destruction of many of the New Zealand geysers, El Tatio stands as the largest geyser field in the southern hemisphere. (more)

North Island, New Zealand
At WhakarewarewaAs many as two hundred geysers are known to have existed on New Zealand's North Island. Geothermal developments and a hydroelectric reservoir have destroyed many geysers, but several dozen geysers still exist. In the beginning of the twentieth century, the largest geyser ever known existed in New Zealand. Waimangu Geyser began erupting in 1900 and erupted periodically for four years until a landslide changed the local water table. Eruptions of Waimangu would typically reach 160 meters and some superbursts are known to have reached 500 meters.

Iceland
Iceland GeyserGeyser fields and hot springs are scattered widely on the island. The Geysir, which means "gusher," namesake of all the geysers in the world, is located in Haukadalur. A June 2000 earthquake reactivated the long-dormant Geysir; unpredictable minor eruptions occur roughly five times per week. Rare major eruptions may reach two hundred feet. In the middle of the island at Hveravellir is one of the most active basins. At least fifteen erupting springs are present, but most are small. Geysers are known to have existed in at least a dozen other areas on the island. A June 2003 trip by Alan Glennon to Iceland observed 24 geysers and 27 perpetual spouters. (photos)

Beowawe Geyser Field, Nevada (USA)
Steam Wells at BeowaweBeowawe Geyser Field was located in central Nevada between Elko and Battle Mountain. The field and steam were visible from the Interstate. The geyser field itself was located on the side of a hill and immediately at the bottom of the slope. This small basin was considered for national monument status, but apparently a political rivalry caused its disapproval. In the 1950s, geothermal drilling began the downward spiral of geyser activity at Beowawe. The sinter shield from geothermal activity can still be seen on the side of the hill, but steam issues only occasionally from several steam wells at the top of the hillside. Geyser fields normally occur in rhyolites and in volcanic areas. Beowawe is quite rare in that it possessed neither of these characteristics. Now, this rare and wonderful place is gone.

Steamboat Springs, Nevada (USA)
Fissure at Steamboat Springs, National Archives photoSteamboat Springs geyser field is located several miles south of Reno, Nevada along the highway to Carson City. According to GOSA Transactions (The annual Journal of the Geyser Observation and Study Association) Vol 1 1989,

"During 1984 through 1987 eruptive activity at Steamboat Springs, Nevada, was observed in as many as 21 springs, despite many reports of the areas demise. This number of geysers means that Steamboat was the fourth or fifth largest geyser area in the world. Height of observed activity ranged from heavy overflow to approximately 15 meters. In 1987 a nearby geothermal powerplant, in conjunction with a regional drought, caused the end of all geyser activity to date"
Water levels noted in July 2003 were at least 10 meters below the surface. One of the largest and most accessible geyser fields in the world is gone forever.

Umnak Island, Alaska (USA)
Old Faithful at Geyser Bight, photo by Shirley LissUmnak Island is one of the first Aleutian Islands close to the Alaskan mainland. In the northern midsection of the island, a small geyser field exists. The field is remote, and was reached by Zodiac rafts for their 1992 investigation by the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Survey. At least 12 geysers have been observed during the years since 1947. With the destruction of Beowawe and Steamboat Springs, Umnak Island now stands as the United States' largest geyser field after Yellowstone.


Other World Geysers
At least a dozen additional locations worldwide are known to contain between one and fourteen geysers. Learn more about world geyser fields at: (http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/geysers/geyserct.html).

United States' Lesser Fields
Photographs of the United States' lesser geyser fields can be found at:
(http://www.alanglennon.com/geysers/lesser).

Cold-Water Geysers
Approximately a dozen cold-water geysers exist in the world. Most of these are erupting man-made boreholes. Information on cold-water geysers can be found at
http://www.alanglennon.com/crystalgeyser.


To reference this material use the appropriate variation of the following format:
J. Alan Glennon. (2004) World Geyser Fields, http://www.alanglennon.com/geysers/world.htm, University of California, Santa Barbara, originally posted January 1995, updated December 15, 2004.


back to -About Geysers-

For more information, contact:
Alan Glennon, Ph.D. Student
Department of Geography
University of California
Santa Barbara, California 93106

e-mail: glennon@umail.ucsb.edu